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Kujambula ndi kusungidwa kwa kaboni ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zolinga za Pangano la Paris.Photosynthesis ndi luso lachilengedwe lojambula mpweya.Kutengera kudzoza kuchokera ku ndere, tinapanga 3D cyanobacteria photosynthetic biocomposite (ie kutsanzira ndere) pogwiritsa ntchito acrylic latex polima yopaka pa siponji loofah.Mlingo wa CO2 wotengedwa ndi biocomposite unali 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 wa biomass d-1.Mlingo wotengera umachokera ku biomass youma kumayambiriro kwa kuyesera ndipo kumaphatikizapo CO2 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa biomass yatsopano komanso CO2 yomwe ili muzinthu zosungirako monga chakudya chamafuta.Miyezo yotengera izi inali yokwera nthawi 14-20 kuposa njira zowongolera matope ndipo zitha kukwezedwa kuti zigwire biomass 570 t CO2 t-1 pachaka-1, yofanana ndi mahekitala 5.5-8.17 × 106 ogwiritsira ntchito nthaka, kuchotsa 8-12 GtCO2 CO2 pachaka.Mosiyana ndi izi, mphamvu yachilengedwe ya nkhalango yokhala ndi kaboni ndi kusungirako ndi 0.4–1.2 × 109 ha.Biocomposite inakhalabe yogwira ntchito kwa masabata a 12 popanda zakudya zowonjezera kapena madzi, pambuyo pake kuyesako kunathetsedwa.Mkati mwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamitundu yambiri wothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, ma biocomposites opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi cyanobacterial amatha kutumizidwa mosasunthika kuti awonjezere kuchotsedwa kwa CO2 ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi, michere ndi nthaka.
Kusintha kwanyengo ndikuwopseza kwambiri zamoyo zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, kukhazikika kwachilengedwe komanso anthu.Kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake zoyipa kwambiri, mapulogalamu ogwirizana komanso akulu kwambiri amafunikira, ndipo, zowonadi, mtundu wina wakuchotsa mwachindunji mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera mumlengalenga umafunika.Ngakhale kutulutsa mpweya wabwino wamagetsi2,3, pakali pano palibe njira zaukadaulo zokhazikika pazachuma zochepetsera mpweya woipa wa mumlengalenga (CO2)4, ngakhale kugwidwa kwa gasi wa flue kukupita patsogolo5.M'malo mwa njira zothetsera uinjiniya wowopsa komanso wothandiza, anthu akuyenera kutembenukira kwa mainjiniya achilengedwe kuti agwire mpweya - ma photosynthetic organisms (phototrophic organisms).Photosynthesis ndi ukadaulo wachilengedwe wochotsa kaboni, koma kuthekera kwake kosinthira kuchulukitsa kwa kaboni wa anthropogenic pamiyeso yofunikira yanthawi ndikokayikitsa, ma enzymes ndi osagwira ntchito, ndipo kuthekera kwake kotumiza pamasikelo oyenera ndikokayikitsa.Njira yomwe ingathe kupangira chithunzithunzi ndikudula mitengo, yomwe imadula mitengo ya bioenergy ndi carbon capture and storage (BECCS) ngati ukadaulo wosatulutsa mpweya womwe ungathandize kuchepetsa mpweya wa CO21.Komabe, kukwaniritsa Paris Mgwirizano kutentha chandamale cha 1.5 ° C ntchito BECCS monga njira yaikulu angafune 0,4 kuti 1.2 × 109 ha, lofanana 25-75% ya panopa padziko lonse land6.Kuphatikiza apo, kusatsimikizika kokhudzana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse za feteleza wa CO2 kumayika chikayikiro kuti minda yankhalango ingathe kuchita bwino7.Kuti tikwaniritse zolinga za kutentha zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi Pangano la Paris, masekondi 100 a GtCO2 a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (GGR) ayenera kuchotsedwa mumlengalenga chaka chilichonse.The UK Department of Research and Innovation posachedwapa yalengeza za ndalama zothandizira ntchito zisanu za GGR8 kuphatikizapo kasamalidwe ka peatland, kuwonjezereka kwa nyengo ya miyala, kubzala mitengo, biochar ndi mbewu zosatha kudyetsa ndondomeko ya BECCS.Mtengo wochotsa zoposa 130 MtCO2 mumlengalenga pachaka ndi 10-100 US$/tCO2, 0.2-8.1 MtCO2 pachaka pokonzanso peatland, 52-480 US$/tCO2 ndi 12-27 MtCO2 pachaka pakugwetsa miyala. , 0.4-30 USD/chaka.tCO2, 3.6 MtCO2/chaka, 1% kuwonjezeka kwa nkhalango, 0.4-30 US$/tCO2, 6-41 MtCO2/yr, biochar, 140-270 US$/tCO2, 20 –70 Mt CO2 pachaka kwa mbewu zokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito BECCS9.
Kuphatikizika kwa njirazi kungafikire chindapusa cha 130 Mt CO2 pachaka, koma mtengo wanyengo ya rock ndi BECCS ndi wokwera, ndipo biochar, ngakhale yotsika mtengo komanso yosagwiritsa ntchito nthaka, imafuna chakudya chamagulu popanga biochar.imapereka chitukuko ndi nambala iyi kuti itumize matekinoloje ena a GGR.
M'malo moyang'ana njira zothetsera pamtunda, yang'anani madzi, makamaka ma phototrophs opanda selo limodzi monga microalgae ndi cyanobacteria10.Algae (kuphatikiza cyanobacteria) amatenga pafupifupi 50% ya mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale amatenga 1% yokha ya biomass11 yapadziko lonse lapansi.Cyanobacteria ndi ma biogeoengineers oyambirira a chilengedwe, kuyika maziko a kupuma kwa metabolism ndi kusinthika kwa moyo wamagulu ambiri kudzera mu oxygenic photosynthesis12.Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito ma cyanobacteria kuti agwire kaboni silatsopano, koma njira zatsopano zokhazikitsira thupi zimatsegula mawonekedwe atsopano kwa zamoyo zakalezi.
Maiwe otseguka ndi ma photobioreactors ndi zinthu zokhazikika mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma microalgae ndi cyanobacteria pazinthu zamakampani.Machitidwe a chikhalidwewa amagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe choyimitsidwa momwe maselo amayandama momasuka mu kukula kwa medium14;komabe, maiwe ndi ma photobioreactors ali ndi zovuta zambiri monga kusamutsa kochuluka kwa CO2, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nthaka ndi madzi, kutengeka kwa biofouling, komanso ndalama zomanga ndi ntchito15,16.Ma biofilm bioreactors omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zoyimitsidwa amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri pankhani ya madzi ndi danga, koma ali pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa desiccation, sachedwa kutsekeka kwa biofilm (ndichifukwa chake kutayika kwa biomass yogwira), ndipo mofananamo amakhala ndi biofouling17.
Njira zatsopano ndizofunikira kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa CO2 ndikuthana ndi mavuto omwe amachepetsa slurry ndi biofilm reactors.Njira imodzi yotereyi ndi photosynthetic biocomposites youziridwa ndi ndere.Lichens ndi mitundu yambiri ya mafangasi ndi ma photobionts (microalgae ndi/kapena cyanobacteria) omwe amaphimba pafupifupi 12% ya malo adziko lapansi18.Bowawa amapereka chithandizo chakuthupi, chitetezo, ndi kukhazikika kwa gawo lapansi la photobiotic, zomwe zimapatsa bowa mpweya wa carbon (monga mankhwala opangira photosynthetic).Biocomposite yomwe ikufunidwa ndi "lichen mimetic", momwe anthu ambiri a cyanobacteria amakhala osasunthika mwa mawonekedwe a biocoating woonda pa gawo lapansi lonyamulira.Kuphatikiza pa ma cell, biocoating ili ndi matrix a polima omwe angalowe m'malo mwa bowa.Ma emulsion a polima opangidwa ndi madzi kapena "latexes" amakondedwa chifukwa ndi ogwirizana, okhazikika, otsika mtengo, osavuta kunyamula komanso opezeka pamalonda19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
Kukonzekera kwa maselo okhala ndi ma polima a latex kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a latex ndi njira yopangira mafilimu.Emulsion polymerization ndi njira yosasinthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphira wopangira, zokutira zomatira, zosindikizira, zowonjezera za konkriti, zokutira zamapepala ndi nsalu, ndi utoto wa latex27.Ili ndi maubwino angapo kuposa njira zina zama polymerization, monga kuchuluka kwa momwe amachitira komanso kutembenuka kwa monomer, komanso kuwongolera bwino kwazinthu27,28.Kusankhidwa kwa ma monomers kumadalira zomwe zimafunidwa za filimu yopangidwa ndi polima, ndi machitidwe osakanikirana a monomer (ie, copolymerizations), katundu wa polima akhoza kusinthidwa posankha ma ratios osiyanasiyana a monomers omwe amapanga chifukwa cha polima.Butyl acrylate ndi styrene ndi ena mwa ma acrylic latex monomers ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.Kuphatikiza apo, ma coalescing agents (mwachitsanzo, Texanol) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a filimu ofanana komwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a polymer latex kuti apange zokutira zolimba komanso "zopitilira" (zolumikizana).Pakafukufuku wathu woyamba wotsimikizira malingaliro, malo okwera kwambiri, 3D biocomposite ya porosity yayikulu idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wamalonda wa latex womwe umayikidwa pa siponji ya loofah.Pambuyo pakusintha kwanthawi yayitali komanso mosalekeza (masabata asanu ndi atatu), biocomposite idawonetsa kuthekera kochepa kosunga ma cyanobacteria pa loofah scaffold chifukwa kukula kwa maselo kunafooketsa kukhulupirika kwa latex.Mu kafukufuku wapano, tidafuna kupanga ma polima angapo a acrylic latex a chemistry odziwika kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza pakujambula kaboni popanda kuwononga ma polima.Pochita izi, tawonetsa kuthekera kopanga ndere ngati ma polima matrix zinthu zomwe zimapereka magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe ndikuwonjezera kwambiri kutha kwa makina poyerekeza ndi ma biocomposites otsimikiziridwa.Kukhathamiritsa kwina kudzafulumizitsa kutenga ma biocomposites kuti agwire mpweya, makamaka akaphatikizidwa ndi cyanobacteria metabolically modified kuti apititse patsogolo kutengeka kwa CO2.
Ma latexes asanu ndi anayi okhala ndi ma polima atatu (H = "zovuta", N = "zabwinobwino", S = "zofewa") ndi mitundu itatu ya Texanol (0, 4, 12% v / v) adayesedwa kuti ali ndi poizoni ndi kuphatikizika kwa zovuta.Zomatira.kuchokera ku ma cyanobacteria awiri.Mtundu wa latex unakhudza kwambiri S. elongatus PCC 7942 (mayeso a Shirer-Ray-Hare, latex: DF=2, H=23.157, P=<0.001) ndi CCAP 1479/1A (njira ziwiri ANOVA, latex: DF=2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001) (Mkuyu 1a).Kuchuluka kwa texanol sikunakhudze kwambiri kukula kwa S. elongatus PCC 7942, N-latex yokha inali yopanda poizoni (Mkuyu 1a), ndipo 0 N ndi 4 N inasunga kukula kwa 26% ndi 35%, motero (Mann- Whitney U, 0 N vs. 4 N: W = 13.50, P = 0.245; 0 N motsutsana ndi ulamuliro: W = 25.0, P = 0.061; 4 N motsutsana ndi ulamuliro: W = 25.0, P = 0.061) ndi 12 N inasunga kukula kofanana kulamulira kwachilengedwe (Mann-Whitney University, 12 N vs. control: W = 17.0, P = 0.885).Kwa S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A, kusakaniza kwa latex ndi kusakaniza kwa texanol kunali zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndipo kuyanjana kwakukulu kunawonedwa pakati pa ziwiri (njira ziwiri ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001, Texanol : DF=2, F=5.96, P=0.01, Latex*Texanol: DF=4, F=3.41, P=0.03).0 N ndi ma latex onse "ofewa" amalimbikitsa kukula (mkuyu 1a).Pali chizolowezi chokulitsa kukula ndi kuchepa kwa styrene.
Kuyesa kwa kawopsedwe ndi kumamatira kwa cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 ndi CCAP 1479/1A) ku mapangidwe a latex, ubale ndi kutentha kwa magalasi (Tg) ndi masanjidwe a chisankho potengera kawopsedwe ndi deta yomatira.(a) Kuyesa kwa poizoni kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyana a kukula kwa ma cyanobacteria okhazikika kuti athe kuwongolera zikhalidwe zoyimitsidwa.Zochizira zolembedwa ndi * ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zowongolera.(b) Deta ya kukula kwa Cyanobacteria motsutsana ndi Tg latex (amatanthauza ± SD; n = 3).(c) Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma cyanobacteria otulutsidwa kuchokera ku mayeso omatira a biocomposite.(d) Deta yomatira motsutsana ndi Tg ya latex (amatanthauza ± StDev; n = 3).e Masanjidwe osankha malinga ndi kawopsedwe ndi deta yomatira.Chiŵerengero cha styrene ndi butyl acrylate ndi 1:3 pa “hard” (H) latex, 1:1 ya “normal” (N) ndi 3:1 ya “soft” (S).Nambala zam'mbuyo mu codex latex zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Texanol.
Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yama cell imachepa ndikuwonjezeka kwa ma texanol, koma panalibe kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa zovuta zilizonse (CCAP 1479 / 1A: DF = 25, r = -0.208, P = 0.299; PCC 7942: DF = 25, r. = – 0.127, P = 0.527).Pa mkuyu.1b ikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kukula kwa cell ndi kutentha kwa magalasi (Tg).Pali kulumikizana kwakukulu koyipa pakati pa kuchuluka kwa texanol ndi Tg (H-latex: DF=7, r=-0.989, P=<0.001; N-latex: DF=7, r=-0.964, P=<0.001 ; S- latex: DF=7, r=-0.946, P=<0.001).Detayo inasonyeza kuti Tg yabwino kwambiri ya kukula kwa S. elongatus PCC 7942 inali pafupi ndi 17 ° C (Chithunzi 1b), pamene S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A imakonda Tg pansipa 0 ° C (Chithunzi 1b).S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A yokha ndiyo inali ndi kulumikizana koyipa pakati pa Tg ndi data yapoizoni (DF=25, r=-0.857, P=<0.001).
Ma latexes onse anali ndi mgwirizano wabwino, ndipo palibe mmodzi wa iwo amene anamasulidwa kuposa 1% ya maselo pambuyo pa 72 h (mkuyu 1c).Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa latexes ya mitundu iwiri ya S. elongatus (PCC 7942: mayeso a Scheirer-Ray-Hara, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, H = 0.903; P = 0.924; CCAP 1479 / 1A: Scheirer- Ray mayeso).- Mayeso a Kalulu, latex * texanol, DF = 4, H = 3.277, P = 0.513).Pamene kuchuluka kwa Texanol kumawonjezeka, maselo ambiri amamasulidwa (Chithunzi 1c).poyerekeza ndi S. elongatus PCC 7942 (DF=25, r=-0.660, P=<0.001) (Chithunzi 1d).Kuphatikiza apo, panalibe ubale wowerengera pakati pa Tg ndi kulumikizidwa kwa cell kwa mitundu iwiriyi (PCC 7942: DF = 25, r = 0.301, P = 0.127; CCAP 1479 / 1A: DF = 25, r = 0.287, P = 0.147).
Pamitundu yonse iwiri, ma polima a latex "olimba" anali osagwira ntchito.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, 4N ndi 12N zinachita bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi S. elongatus PCC 7942, pamene 4S ndi 12S zinachita bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi CCAP 1479/1A (mkuyu 1e), ngakhale kuti pali malo omveka bwino opititsa patsogolo matrix a polima.Ma polima awa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyesa kwa semi-batch net CO2.
Photophysiology inkayang'aniridwa kwa masiku 7 pogwiritsa ntchito maselo oimitsidwa mumtundu wa latex wamadzi.Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa photosynthesis (PS) ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa PSII (Fv/Fm) kumachepa pakapita nthawi, koma kuchepa kumeneku sikuli kofanana ndipo ma dataset ena a PS akuwonetsa kuyankha kwapawiri, kutanthauza kuyankha pang'ono, ngakhale kuchira kwanthawi yeniyeni. ntchito zazifupi za PS (mkuyu 2a ndi 3b).Yankho la biphasic Fv/Fm silinatchulidwe kwambiri (Zithunzi 2b ndi 3b).
(a) Kuwoneka kwa photosynthesis rate (PS) ndi (b) kuchuluka kwa PSII quantum zokolola (Fv/Fm) za Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 poyankha kupangidwa kwa latex poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe zowongolera kuyimitsidwa.Chiŵerengero cha styrene ndi butyl acrylate ndi 1:3 pa “hard” (H) latex, 1:1 ya “normal” (N) ndi 3:1 ya “soft” (S).Nambala zam'mbuyo mu codex latex zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Texanol.(zikutanthauza ± kupatuka kokhazikika; n = 3).
(a) Chiwonetsero cha photosynthesis (PS) ndi (b) kuchuluka kwa zokolola za PSII (Fv/Fm) za Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A poyankha kupangidwa kwa latex poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera zikhalidwe zoyimitsidwa.Chiŵerengero cha styrene ndi butyl acrylate ndi 1:3 pa “hard” (H) latex, 1:1 ya “normal” (N) ndi 3:1 ya “soft” (S).Nambala zam'mbuyo mu codex latex zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Texanol.(zikutanthauza ± kupatuka kokhazikika; n = 3).
Kwa S. elongatus PCC 7942, mapangidwe a latex ndi ndondomeko ya Texanol sizinakhudze PS pakapita nthawi (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Time, DF = 28, F = 1.49, P = 0.07), ngakhale kuti kupanga kunali chinthu chofunika kwambiri (GLM)., latex * nthawi, DF = 14, F = 3.14, P = <0.001) (Mkuyu 2a).Panalibe zotsatira zazikulu za ndende ya Texanol pakapita nthawi (GLM, Texanol * nthawi, DF=14, F=1.63, P=0.078).Panali kuyanjana kwakukulu komwe kukukhudza Fv/Fm (GLM, Latex*Texanol*Time, DF=28, F=4.54, P=<0.001).Kuyanjana pakati pa mapangidwe a latex ndi ndende ya Texanol kunakhudza kwambiri Fv/Fm (GLM, Latex* Texanol, DF=4, F=180.42, P=<0.001).Parameter iliyonse imakhudzanso Fv/Fm pakapita nthawi (GLM, Latex*Time, DF=14, F=9.91, P=<0.001 ndi Texanol*Time, DF=14, F=10.71, P=<0.001).Latex 12H anakhalabe otsika avareji PS ndi Fv/Fm makhalidwe (mkuyu. 2b), kusonyeza kuti polima imeneyi ndi poizoni kwambiri.
PS ya S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A inali yosiyana kwambiri (GLM, latex * Texanol * nthawi, DF = 28, F = 2.75, P = <0.001), yokhala ndi latex yopangidwa osati Texanol concentration (GLM, Latex* nthawi, DF =14, F=6.38, P=<0.001, GLM, Texanol*nthawi, DF=14, F=1.26, P=0.239).Ma polima "ofewa" 0S ndi 4S adasunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri a PS kuposa kuyimitsidwa (Mann-Whitney U, 0S motsutsana ndi zowongolera, W = 686.0, P = 0.044, 4S motsutsana ndi zowongolera, W = 713, P = 0.01) ndikusunga njira bwino Fv./Fm (mkuyu 3a) ikuwonetsa zoyendera bwino kupita ku Photosystem II.Pazinthu za Fv/Fm za CCAP 1479/1A, panali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa latex pakapita nthawi (GLM, Latex*Texanol*Time, DF=28, F=6.00, P=<0.001) (Chithunzi 3b).).
Pa mkuyu.4 ikuwonetsa pafupifupi PS ndi Fv/Fm pamasiku 7 ngati ntchito yakukula kwa maselo pamtundu uliwonse.S. elongatus PCC 7942 analibe chitsanzo bwino (mkuyu 4a ndi b), Komabe, CCAP 1479/1A anasonyeza parabolic ubale PS (mkuyu 4c) ndi Fv/Fm (mkuyu 4d) makhalidwe monga ma ratios a styrene ndi butyl acrylate amakula ndikusintha.
Ubale pakati pa kukula ndi photophysiology ya Synechococcus longum pakukonzekera latex.(a) Deta ya poizoni yokonzedwa motsutsana ndi chiwonetsero cha photosynthetic (PS), (b) chochuluka cha PSII quantum (Fv/Fm) cha PCC 7942. c Deta ya poizoni yokonzedwa motsutsana ndi PS ndi d Fv/Fm CCAP 1479/1A.Chiŵerengero cha styrene ndi butyl acrylate ndi 1:3 pa “hard” (H) latex, 1:1 ya “normal” (N) ndi 3:1 ya “soft” (S).Nambala zam'mbuyo mu codex latex zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Texanol.(zikutanthauza ± kupatuka kokhazikika; n = 3).
Biocomposite PCC 7942 inali ndi zotsatira zochepa pakusunga ma cell ndi leaching yayikulu yama cell m'masabata anayi oyamba (Chithunzi 5).Pambuyo pa gawo loyamba la CO2, maselo opangidwa ndi 12 N latex anayamba kumasula CO2, ndipo chitsanzochi chinapitirira pakati pa masiku 4 ndi 14 (mkuyu 5b).Izi zikugwirizana ndi kusinthika kwa mtundu wa pigment.Kutenga kwa Net CO2 kunayambanso kuyambira tsiku la 18. Ngakhale kutulutsidwa kwa selo (mkuyu 5a), PCC 7942 12 N biocomposite idakali ndi CO2 yambiri kuposa kuyimitsidwa kwa kulamulira kwa masiku a 28, ngakhale pang'ono (Mann-Whitney U-test, W = 2275.5; PA = 0.066.Mlingo wa kuyamwa kwa CO2 ndi latex 12 N ndi 4 N ndi 0.51 ± 0.34 ndi 1.18 ± 0.29 g CO2 g-1 ya biomass d-1.Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwala ndi nthawi (kuyesa kwa Mpando-Ray-Hare, chithandizo: DF=2, H=70.62, P=<0.001 nthawi: DF=13, H=23.63, P=0.034), koma sanali.panali mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa chithandizo ndi nthawi (kuyesa kwa Mpando-Ray-Har, nthawi * chithandizo: DF = 26, H = 8.70, P = 0.999).
Mayeso a CO2 a theka-batch pa Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biocomposites pogwiritsa ntchito 4N ndi 12N latex.(a) Zithunzi zikuwonetsa kutulutsidwa kwa ma cell ndi mtundu wa pigment, komanso zithunzi za SEM za biocomposite isanayambe komanso itatha kuyezetsa.Mizere yokhala ndi madontho oyera imawonetsa malo omwe ma cell amayikidwa pa biocomposite.(b) Kugwiritsa ntchito CO2 kowonjezereka kwa milungu inayi."Normal" (N) latex ili ndi chiŵerengero cha styrene ndi butyl acrylate ya 1:1.Nambala zam'mbuyo mu codex latex zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Texanol.(zikutanthauza ± kupatuka kokhazikika; n = 3).
Kusungidwa kwa ma cell kunasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta za CCAP 1479/1A ndi 4S ndi 12S, ngakhale pigment idasintha pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi (mkuyu 6a).Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A imatenga CO2 kwa masiku 84 athunthu (masabata 12) popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya.Kusanthula kwa SEM (mkuyu 6a) kunatsimikizira kuwonetsetsa kwa ma cell ang'onoang'ono.Poyamba, maselowo anali atakutidwa ndi nsalu ya latex yomwe inasunga umphumphu wake ngakhale kukula kwa maselo.Kuchuluka kwa CO2 kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa gulu lolamulira ( mayeso a Scheirer-Ray-Har, chithandizo: DF = 2; H = 240.59; P = <0.001, nthawi: DF = 42; H = 112; P = <0.001 ) ( Chithunzi 6b).12S biocomposite idapeza kuchuluka kwa CO2 (1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 biomass patsiku), pomwe 4S latex inali 1.13 ± 0.41 g CO2 g-1 biomass patsiku, koma sizinasiyane kwambiri (Mann-Whitney U. . kuyesa, W = 1507.50; P = 0.07) ndipo palibe kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa chithandizo ndi nthawi (kuyesa kwa Shirer-Rey-Hara, nthawi * mankhwala: DF = 82; H = 10 .37; P = 1.000).
Kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa CO2 pogwiritsa ntchito Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A biocomposites yokhala ndi 4N ndi 12N latex.(a) Zithunzi zikuwonetsa kutulutsidwa kwa ma cell ndi mtundu wa pigment, komanso zithunzi za SEM za biocomposite isanayambe komanso itatha kuyezetsa.Mizere yokhala ndi madontho oyera imawonetsa malo omwe ma cell amayikidwa pa biocomposite.(b) Kutenga kwa CO2 kochulukira mu nthawi ya masabata khumi ndi awiri."Soft" (S) latex ili ndi chiyerekezo cha styrene ku butyl acrylate ya 1:1.Nambala zam'mbuyo mu codex latex zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Texanol.(zikutanthauza ± kupatuka kokhazikika; n = 3).
S. elongatus PCC 7942 (mayeso a Shirer-Ray-Har, nthawi*mankhwala: DF=4, H=3.243, P=0.518) kapena biocomposite S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A (two-ANOVA, nthawi*mankhwala: DF=8 , F = 1.79, P = 0.119) (mkuyu S4).Biocomposite PCC 7942 inali ndi ma carbohydrate apamwamba kwambiri pa sabata 2 (4 N = 59.4 ± 22.5 wt%, 12 N = 67.9 ± 3.3 wt%), pomwe kuyimitsidwa kowongolera kunali ndi ma carbohydrate ambiri pa sabata 4 pomwe (kuwongolera = 59.6 ± 2.84% w/w).Ma carbohydrate onse omwe ali mu CCAP 1479 / 1A biocomposite anali ofanana ndi kuyimitsidwa kowongolera kupatula poyambira kuyeserera, ndikusintha kwina kwa 12S latex pa sabata 4. Miyezo yayikulu kwambiri ya biocomposite inali 51.9 ± 9.6 wt% kwa 4S ndi 77.1 ± 17.0 wt% kwa 12S.
Tidayesetsa kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mapangidwe opititsa patsogolo kukhulupirika kwa filimu yopyapyala ya latex polima monga gawo lofunikira la lingaliro la lichen mimic biocomposite popanda kusiya kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe kapena magwiridwe antchito.Zowonadi, ngati zovuta zamapangidwe okhudzana ndi kukula kwa ma cell zigonjetsedwe, tikuyembekeza kusintha kwakukulu pamapangidwe athu oyeserera, omwe akufanana kale ndi ma cyanobacteria ena ndi ma microalgae carbon capture system.
Zovala ziyenera kukhala zopanda poizoni, zolimba, zothandizira kumamatira kwa maselo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ziyenera kukhala porous kuti zilimbikitse kusamutsa bwino kwa CO2 ndi O2 degassing.Ma polima a acrylic amtundu wa latex ndi osavuta kukonzekera ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opaka utoto, nsalu, ndi zomatira30.Tinaphatikiza cyanobacteria ndi madzi opangidwa ndi acrylic latex polima emulsion polymerized ndi chiŵerengero chapadera cha styrene / butyl acrylate particles ndi zosiyana siyana za Texanol.Styrene ndi butyl acrylate anasankhidwa kuti athe kulamulira katundu wa thupi, makamaka elasticity ndi coalescence bwino ❖ kuyanika (zofunika kwambiri ❖ kuyanika amphamvu ndi zomatira), kulola kaphatikizidwe "zolimba" ndi "zofewa" tinthu aggregates.Deta ya poizoni imasonyeza kuti latex "yolimba" yokhala ndi styrene yapamwamba sikuthandizira kupulumuka kwa cyanobacteria.Mosiyana ndi butyl acrylate, styrene imatengedwa kuti ndi poizoni kwa algae32,33.Mitundu ya Cyanobacteria inachita mosiyana kwambiri ndi latex, ndipo kutentha kwabwino kwa galasi (Tg) kunatsimikiziridwa kwa S. elongatus PCC 7942, pamene S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A inasonyeza mgwirizano wolakwika ndi Tg.
Kutentha kowuma kumakhudza kuthekera kopanga filimu yopitilira yunifolomu ya latex.Ngati kuyanika kutentha ndi m'munsimu Osachepera Film Kupanga Kutentha (MFFT), ndi polima latex particles sadzakhala mokwanira coalesce, chifukwa mu adhesion kokha pa tinthu mawonekedwe.Mafilimu omwe amatsatira amakhala ndi kusamata bwino komanso mphamvu zamakina ndipo amatha kukhala mu mawonekedwe a ufa29.MFFT imagwirizana kwambiri ndi Tg, yomwe imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi kapangidwe ka monomer ndi kuwonjezera kwa coalescents monga Texanol.Tg imatsimikizira zakuthupi zambiri za zokutira zomwe zatuluka, zomwe zitha kukhala zowoneka ngati mphira kapena magalasi34.Malinga ndi Flory-Fox equation35, Tg zimatengera mtundu wa monomer ndi kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono.Kuwonjezera kwa coalescent kungathe kuchepetsa MFFT mwa kuponderezedwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Tg ya latex particles, yomwe imalola kupanga mafilimu pa kutentha kochepa, komabe imapanga chophimba cholimba komanso cholimba chifukwa coalescent imatuluka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi kapena yatulutsidwa 36.
Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa Texanol kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a filimu mwa kufewetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta polima (kuchepetsa Tg) chifukwa cha kuyamwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono panthawi yowuma, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu ya filimu yolumikizana ndi kumamatira kwa selo.Chifukwa biocomposite imauma pa kutentha kozungulira (~ 18-20 ° C), Tg (30 mpaka 55 ° C) ya latex "yolimba" ndi yapamwamba kuposa kutentha kwa kuyanika, kutanthauza kuti particle coalescence singakhale yabwino, zomwe zimabweretsa. Makanema a B omwe amakhalabe ma vitreous, osowa makina komanso zomatira, kuchepa pang'ono komanso kufalikira30 pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa maselo.Mawonekedwe a filimu kuchokera ku ma polima "abwinobwino" ndi "ofewa" amapezeka pansi kapena pansi pa Tg ya filimu ya polima, ndipo mapangidwe a filimu amawongoleredwa ndi kukhazikika kwa mgwirizano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafilimu a polima apitirize kukhala ndi makina opangidwa bwino, ogwirizana, komanso omatira.Kanema wotsatirayo adzakhalabe wa rubbery panthawi ya kuyesa kwa CO2 kugwidwa chifukwa cha Tg kukhala pafupi ndi ("kusakaniza" kwabwinobwino: 12 mpaka 20 ºC) kapena kutsika kwambiri ("soft" blend: -21 mpaka -13 °C ) mpaka kutentha kozungulira 30.“Yolimba” latex (3.4 mpaka 2.9 kgf mm–1) imakhala yolimba katatu kuposa latex “yabwinobwino” (1.0 mpaka 0.9 kgf mm–1).Kuuma kwa latexes "zofewa" sikungayesedwe ndi microhardness chifukwa cha rubberiness kwambiri ndi kukakamira kutentha kwa chipinda.Kulipira kwapamwamba kumathanso kukhudza kugwirizana kwa adhesion, koma zambiri zimafunikira kuti mupereke chidziwitso chothandiza.Komabe, ma latex onse amasunga bwino maselo, kutulutsa zosakwana 1%.
Kupanga kwa photosynthesis kumachepa pakapita nthawi.Kuwonekera kwa polystyrene kumabweretsa kusokonezeka kwa membrane ndi kupsinjika kwa okosijeni38,39,40,41.Makhalidwe a Fv/Fm a S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A owonetsedwa ku 0S ndi 4S anali okwera pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi kuyimitsidwa, zomwe zikugwirizana bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2 kwa 4S biocomposite, komanso ndi kutsika kwamitengo ya PS.makhalidwe abwino.Makhalidwe apamwamba a Fv/Fm akuwonetsa kuti mayendedwe a ma elekitironi kupita ku PSII atha kubweretsa ma photons42 ochulukirapo, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti CO2 ikhale yokwera kwambiri.Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti deta ya photophysiological inapezedwa kuchokera ku maselo oimitsidwa muzitsulo za latex zamadzimadzi ndipo mwina sizingafanane mwachindunji ndi biocomposites okhwima.
Ngati latex imapanga cholepheretsa kuwala ndi / kapena kusinthana kwa gasi kumabweretsa kuwala ndi CO2 kuletsa, kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa ma cell ndi kuchepetsa ntchito, ndipo ngati kumakhudza kutulutsidwa kwa O2, photorespiration39.Kutumiza kwa kuwala kwa zokutira zochiritsidwa kunayesedwa: latex "yolimba" inasonyeza kuchepa pang'ono kwa kufalikira kwa kuwala pakati pa 440 ndi 480 nm (kusinthidwa mwa zina mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa Texanol chifukwa cha kugwirizanitsa filimu), pamene "yofewa" ndi "nthawi zonse." ” latex inawonetsa kuchepa pang'ono kwa kufalikira kwa kuwala.siziwonetsa kutayika kowonekera.Ma assay, komanso ma incubation onse, adachitidwa pakuwala kocheperako (30.5 µmol m-2 s-1), kotero kuti ma radiation aliwonse opangidwa ndi photosynthetically yogwira chifukwa cha matrix a polima adzalipidwa ndipo atha kukhala othandiza poletsa kuletsa kujambulidwa.pa kuwononga mphamvu ya kuwala.
Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A idagwira ntchito m'masiku 84 akuyezetsa, popanda kusintha kwa michere kapena kutayika kwakukulu kwa biomass, chomwe ndi cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufukuyu.Ma cell depigmentation angayanjanitsidwe ndi njira ya chlorosis poyankha njala ya nayitrogeni kuti akwaniritse kupulumuka kwanthawi yayitali (malo opumira), zomwe zingathandize maselo kuyambiranso kukula pambuyo pakuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni wokwanira.Zithunzi za SEM zinatsimikizira kuti maselowo anakhalabe mkati mwa zokutira ngakhale kuti ma cell agawikana, kusonyeza kusungunuka kwa latex "yofewa" ndipo motero kusonyeza ubwino womveka bwino pamasewero oyesera.latex "Yofewa" imakhala ndi pafupifupi 70% ya butyl acrylate (pa kulemera kwake), yomwe imakhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe imapangidwira pakuyanika kosinthika pambuyo poyanika44.
Kutenga ukonde wa CO2 kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kuyimitsidwa kolamulira (14-20 ndi 3-8 nthawi zapamwamba kwa S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A ndi PCC 7942, motsatira).M'mbuyomu, tidagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira misa ya CO2 kuwonetsa kuti dalaivala wamkulu wa CO2 wokwera kwambiri ndi wakuthwa wa CO2 wokhazikika pamwamba pa biocomposite31 komanso kuti magwiridwe antchito a biocomposite amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kukana kusamutsa anthu ambiri.Vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa mwa kuphatikiza zosakaniza zopanda poizoni, zosapanga mafilimu mu latex kuti ziwonjezeke porosity ndi permeability ya coating26, koma kusunga maselo kungasokonezeke chifukwa njirayi idzapangitsa kuti filimu yofooka20 ikhale yochepa.Mankhwalawa amatha kusinthidwa panthawi ya polymerization kuti awonjezere porosity, yomwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, makamaka ponena za kupanga mafakitale ndi scalability45.
Kuchita kwa biocomposite yatsopano poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma biocomposites ochokera ku microalgae ndi cyanobacteria adawonetsa zabwino pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma cell (Table 1) 21,46 komanso nthawi yayitali yowunikira (masiku 84 motsutsana ndi 15 hours46 ndi 3 weeks21).
Kuchuluka kwa ma carbohydrate m'maselo kumafananizidwa bwino ndi maphunziro ena47,48,49,50 ogwiritsira ntchito cyanobacteria ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomwe ingagwiritsire ntchito mpweya wa carbon ndi kugwiritsa ntchito / kubwezeretsa ntchito, monga BECCS fermentation process49,51 kapena kupanga biodegradable. bioplastics 52.Monga mbali ya mfundo za phunziroli, ife tikuganiza kuti nkhalango, ngakhale kuganiziridwa mu BECCS zoipa mpweya lingaliro, si njira yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo ndipo amadya gawo lochititsa mantha la land6 padziko lapansi.Monga kuyesera kwa malingaliro, adayesedwa kuti pakati pa 640 ndi 950 GtCO2 idzafunika kuchotsedwa mumlengalenga ndi 2100 kuti achepetse kutentha kwapadziko lonse kufika pa 1.5 ° C53 (pafupifupi 8 mpaka 12 GtCO2 pachaka).Kukwaniritsa izi ndi biocomposite yochita bwino (574.08 ± 30.19 t CO2 t-1 biomass pachaka-1) kungafune kukula kwa voliyumu kuchokera pa 5.5 × 1010 mpaka 8.2 × 1010 m3 (mofanana ndi photosynthetic dzuwa), yokhala ndi kuchokera pa 196 biliyoni mpaka malita 2. polima.Pongoganiza kuti 1 m3 ya biocomposites imatenga 1 m2 ya mtunda, dera lomwe likufunika kutengera chiwopsezo chonse cha CO2 pachaka lidzakhala pakati pa mahekitala 5.5 ndi 8.17 miliyoni, omwe ndi ofanana ndi 0.18-0.27% oyenera moyo wa minda ya madera otentha, ndi kuchepetsa mtunda.kufunika kwa BECCS ndi 98-99%.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chiŵerengero cha kugwidwa kwa theoretical chimachokera pa kuyamwa kwa CO2 komwe kunalembedwa mu kuwala kochepa.Biocomposite ikangowonekera ku kuwala kwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa CO2 kumawonjezeka, kumachepetsanso zofunikira za nthaka ndikuwongolera masikelo ku lingaliro la biocomposite.Komabe, kukhazikitsa kuyenera kukhala ku equator kuti kukhale kolimba komanso kwanthawi yayitali.
Zotsatira zapadziko lonse za umuna wa CO2, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za zomera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa CO2 kupezeka, kwachepa m'madera ambiri a nthaka, mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zakudya zofunikira za nthaka (N ndi P) ndi madzi7.Izi zikutanthauza kuti photosynthesis yapadziko lapansi singapangitse kuchuluka kwa CO2, ngakhale kuti mpweya wa CO2 uli wokwera kwambiri.M'nkhaniyi, njira zochepetsera kusintha kwanyengo pansi monga BECCS ndizochepa kwambiri.Ngati chochitika chapadziko lonsechi chitsimikiziridwa, biocomposite yathu yopangidwa ndi lichen ikhoza kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri, kusintha tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono ta m'madzi kukhala "othandizira pansi."Zomera zambiri zapadziko lapansi zimakonza CO2 kupyolera mu C3 photosynthesis, pamene zomera za C4 zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ku malo otentha, ouma komanso zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pazitseko za CO254 zapang'ono.Cyanobacteria imapereka njira ina yomwe ingathetsere zoneneratu zowopsa za kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide mu zomera za C3.Cyanobacteria agonjetsa zolephera za kupuma popanga njira yabwino yowonjezeretsa mpweya wa carbon momwe kupanikizika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa CO2 kumawonetsedwa ndikusungidwa ndi ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) mkati mwa carboxysomes mozungulira.Ngati kupanga kwa cyanobacterial biocomposites kungachuluke, izi zitha kukhala chida chofunikira kwa anthu polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ma Biocomposites (lichen mimics) amapereka maubwino omveka bwino poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe choyimitsidwa cha microalgae ndi cyanobacteria, kupereka kuchuluka kwa CO2, kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kuipitsa, komanso kulonjeza kupeŵa mpikisano wa CO2.Mitengo imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, madzi ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi56.Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuthekera kopanga ndi kupanga kachipangizo kapamwamba kwambiri ka biocompatible latex yomwe, ikaphatikizidwa ndi siponji ya loofah monga gawo laling'ono, imatha kupereka CO2 yogwira bwino komanso yogwira ntchito kwa miyezi yambiri ya opaleshoni ndikusunga kuchepa kwa maselo.Ma biocomposites amatha kujambula pafupifupi 570 t CO2 t-1 ya biomass pachaka ndipo ikhoza kukhala yofunikira kwambiri kuposa njira za nkhalango za BECCS poyankha kusintha kwanyengo.Ndi kukhathamiritsa kwina kwa kapangidwe ka polima, kuyesa pakuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri, komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi uinjiniya wapamwamba wa kagayidwe kachakudya, akatswiri achilengedwe a biogeoengineers atha kupulumutsanso.
Ma polima a Acrylic latex adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza a styrene monomers, butyl acrylate ndi acrylic acid, ndipo pH idasinthidwa kukhala 7 ndi 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (tebulo 2).Styrene ndi butyl acrylate amapanga kuchuluka kwa maunyolo a polima, pomwe asidi wa acrylic amathandizira kuti tinthu ta latex zisamangidwe57.Mapangidwe a latex amatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwa galasi (Tg), komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha styrene ndi butyl acrylate, chomwe chimapereka katundu "wolimba" ndi "wofewa", motsatira58.Polima wamba wa acrylic latex ndi 50:50 styrene:butyl acrylate 30, kotero mu kafukufukuyu latex yokhala ndi chiŵerengero ichi idatchedwa latex "yabwinobwino", ndipo latex yokhala ndi masitayelo apamwamba imatchedwa latex yokhala ndi masitayilo ochepa. .amatchedwa "zofewa" ngati "zolimba".
Emulsion yoyamba idakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka (174 g), sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g) ndi Rhodapex Ab/20 surfactant (30.92 g) (Solvay) kuti akhazikitse madontho 30 a monomer.Pogwiritsa ntchito syringe yagalasi (Science Glass Engineering) yokhala ndi pampu ya syringe, aliquot yachiwiri yomwe ili ndi styrene, butyl acrylate ndi acrylic acid yomwe ili mu Table 2 idawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono pamlingo wa 100 ml h-1 ku emulsion yoyambirira kupitilira maola 4 (Cole). -Palmer, Mount Vernon, Illinois).Konzani yankho la polymerization initiator 59 pogwiritsa ntchito dHO ndi ammonium persulfate (100 ml, 3% w/w).
Sakanizani yankho lomwe lili ndi dHO (206 g), sodium bicarbonate (1 g) ndi Rhodapex Ab/20 (4.42 g) pogwiritsa ntchito choyatsira pamutu (Heidolph Hei-TORQUE value 100) chokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso kutentha mpaka 82°C mu chotengera cha jekete yamadzi mumsamba wotentha wamadzi wa VWR Scientific 1137P.Njira yochepetsera kulemera kwa monomer (28.21 g) ndi initiator (20.60 g) idawonjezedwa pansi pachombo chokhala ndi jekete ndikugwedezeka kwa mphindi 20.Sakanizani mwamphamvu zotsala za monoma (150 ml h-1) ndi njira zoyambira (27 ml h-1) kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono mpaka tiwonjezeke ku jekete lamadzi kwa maola 5 pogwiritsa ntchito ma syringe 10 ml ndi 100 ml motsatana mu chidebe. .kumalizidwa ndi pampu ya syringe.Kuthamanga kwa slurry kunawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya slurry kuti slurry asungidwe.Pambuyo powonjezera choyambitsa ndi emulsion, kutentha kwazomwe kunakwezedwa mpaka 85 ° C, kugwedezeka bwino pa 450 rpm kwa mphindi 30, kenako kukhazikika mpaka 65 ° C.Pambuyo pozizira, njira ziwiri zosinthira zidawonjezeredwa ku latex: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (70% m'madzi) (5 g, 14% kulemera) ndi isoascorbic acid (5 g, 10% kulemera)..Onjezani t-BHP kutsitsa ndikusiya kwa mphindi 20.Erythorbic acid adawonjezeredwa pamlingo wa 4 ml / h kuchokera mu syringe ya 10 ml pogwiritsa ntchito pampu ya syringe.Njira ya latex idakhazikika mpaka kutentha ndikusinthidwa kukhala pH 7 ndi 0.1M sodium hydroxide.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) - otsika kawopsedwe biodegradable coalescent kwa latex utoto 37,60 - anawonjezeredwa ndi syringe ndi mpope mabuku atatu (0, 4, 12% v/v) monga coalescing wothandizira kusakaniza kwa latex kuti athandizire kupanga filimu panthawi yowuma37.Maperesenti a latex solids adadziwika poyika 100 µl ya polima iliyonse m'zipewa za aluminiyamu zoyezedwa kale ndi kuyanika mu uvuni pa 100 ° C kwa maola 24.
Pakutumiza kopepuka, kusakaniza kulikonse kwa latex kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa microscope slide pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chotsitsa kyubu chokongoletsedwa kuti chipange mafilimu a 100 µm ndikuwumitsa pa 20 ° C kwa maola 48.Kutumiza kwa kuwala (koyang'ana pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, λ 400-700 nm) kunayesedwa pa ILT950 SpectriLight spectroradiometer yokhala ndi sensa pa mtunda wa masentimita 35 kuchokera ku nyali ya fulorosenti ya 30 W (Sylvania Luxline Plus, n = 6) - kumene kuwala gwero linali cyanobacteria ndi zamoyo Zida zophatikizika zimasungidwa.Pulogalamu ya SpectrILight III 3.5 idagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zowunikira ndi kufalitsa mumtundu wa λ 400-700 nm61.Zitsanzo zonse zidayikidwa pamwamba pa sensa, ndipo ma slide agalasi osatsekedwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowongolera.
Zitsanzo za latex zinawonjezeredwa ku mbale yophika ya silikoni ndikuloledwa kuti ziume kwa maola 24 musanayese kuuma.Ikani chitsanzo chouma cha latex pa kapu yachitsulo pansi pa microscope ya x10.Pambuyo poyang'ana, zitsanzozo zinayesedwa pa Buehler Micromet II microhardness tester.Zitsanzozo zidakhala ndi mphamvu ya 100 mpaka 200 magalamu ndipo nthawi yolemetsa idayikidwa ku masekondi 7 kuti apange chiboliboli cha diamondi pachitsanzocho.Kusindikizaku kudawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito cholinga cha microscope ya Bruker Alicona × 10 ndi pulogalamu yowonjezera yoyezera mawonekedwe.The Vickers hardness formula (Equation 1) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuuma kwa latex iliyonse, pomwe HV ndi nambala ya Vickers, F ndiye mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo d ndi avareji ya ma diagonal owerengeka owerengedwa kuchokera kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa latex.mtengo wolowera.latex "yofewa" siyingayesedwe chifukwa cha kumamatira ndi kutambasula panthawi yoyesera.
Kuti mudziwe kutentha kwa magalasi (Tg) a kapangidwe ka latex, zitsanzo za polima zimayikidwa mu mbale za silika za gel, zouma kwa maola 24, zolemera mpaka 0.005 g, ndikuyikidwa mu mbale zachitsanzo.Mbaleyo idakulungidwa ndikuyikidwa mumitundu yojambulira colorimeter (PerkinElmer DSC 8500, Intercooler II, Pyris data analysis software)62.Njira yoyendetsera kutentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika makapu ofotokozera ndi makapu achitsanzo mu uvuni womwewo wokhala ndi chofufumitsa cha kutentha kuti athe kuyeza kutentha.Ma rampu awiri onse adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange mapindikidwe okhazikika.Njira yachitsanzo idakwezedwa mobwerezabwereza kuchokera -20 ° C mpaka 180 ° C pamlingo wa 20 ° C pamphindi.Malo aliwonse oyambira ndi omaliza amasungidwa kwa mphindi imodzi kuti awerengere chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutentha.
Kuti tiwone kuthekera kwa biocomposite kuyamwa CO2, zitsanzo zidakonzedwa ndikuyesedwa mofanana ndi phunziro lathu lapitalo31.Chovala chochapira chowuma ndi autoclaved chinadulidwa kukhala mizere pafupifupi 1 × 1 × 5 masentimita ndikulemera.Ikani 600 µl mwa mitundu iwiri ya biocoatings yothandiza kwambiri ya cyanobacteria iliyonse kumapeto kwa mzere uliwonse wa loofah, kuphimba pafupifupi 1 × 1 × 3 cm, ndi kuumitsa mumdima pa 20 ° C kwa maola 24.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a macroporous a loofah, ena mwa njirayo adawonongeka, kotero kuti kuyendetsa bwino kwa cell sikunali 100%.Kuti athane ndi vutoli, kulemera kwa kukonzekera kowuma pa loofah kunatsimikiziridwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala kukonzekera kowuma.Zowongolera za Abiotic zokhala ndi loofah, latex, ndi steril nutrient medium zidakonzedwanso chimodzimodzi.
Kuti muyese kuyesa kwa CO2 kwa theka la batch, ikani biocomposite (n = 3) mu chubu lagalasi la 50 ml kuti mbali imodzi ya biocomposite (popanda biocoating) igwirizane ndi 5 ml ya kukula kwa sing'anga, zomwe zimalola kuti mcherewo ukhale wochuluka. kunyamulidwa ndi capillary action..Botololo limasindikizidwa ndi mphira wa mphira wa butyl wokhala ndi mainchesi 20 mm ndikukhala ndi kapu yasiliva ya aluminiyamu.Akasindikizidwa, bayani 45 ml ya 5% CO2/mpweya ndi singano yosabala yomangidwira ku syringe yothina mpweya.Kuchulukana kwa cell ya kuyimitsidwa kowongolera (n = 3) kunali kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a biocomposite muzakudya zopatsa thanzi.Mayesowa adachitika pa 18 ± 2 °C ndi chithunzi cha 16:8 ndi chithunzi cha 30.5 µmol m-2 s-1.Malo amutu amachotsedwa masiku awiri aliwonse ndi syringe yothina gasi ndikuwunikidwa ndi mita ya CO2 yokhala ndi mayamwidwe a infrared GEOTech G100 kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa CO2 yotengedwa.Onjezani voliyumu yofanana ya CO2 gasi wosakaniza.
% CO2 Kukonza kumawerengeredwa motere: % CO2 Konzani = 5% (v/v) - lembani% CO2 (equation 2) pomwe P = kuthamanga, V = voliyumu, T = kutentha, ndi R = mpweya wabwino wokhazikika.
Zomwe zanenedwa kuti CO2 ziwonjezeredwa kuyimitsidwa kwa cyanobacteria ndi biocomposites zidasinthidwa kukhala zowongolera zomwe sizinali zachilengedwe.Gawo logwira ntchito la g biomass ndi kuchuluka kwa zotsalira zowuma zosasunthika pansalu yochapira.Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyeza zitsanzo za loofah isanayambe kapena itatha kukonza selo.Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa cell load (yofanana ndi biomass) poyesa payekhapayekha zokonzekera isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika komanso kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera kwa selo (equation 3).Kukonzekera kwa ma cell kumaganiziridwa kuti kumakhala kofanana panthawi yakukonzekera.
Minitab 18 ndi Microsoft Excel yokhala ndi zowonjezera za RealStatistics zidagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula ziwerengero.Chizoloŵezi chinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Anderson-Darling, ndipo kufanana kwa kusiyana kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Levene.Deta yokhutiritsa malingaliro awa idawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowunikira kusiyana (ANOVA) ndi mayeso a Tukey monga kusanthula kwa post hoc.Deta ya njira ziwiri zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi malingaliro achibadwa ndi kusiyana kofanana zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Shirer-Ray-Hara ndiyeno Mann-Whitney U-mayeso kuti adziwe kufunikira pakati pa mankhwala.Mitundu yosakanikirana yosakanikirana (GLM) idagwiritsidwa ntchito pazambiri zomwe sizinali zachilendo ndi zinthu zitatu, pomwe deta idasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Johnson transform63.Kulumikizana kwakanthawi kwazinthu za Pearson kunachitika kuti awunikire mgwirizano pakati pa ndende ya Texanol, kutentha kwa magalasi, ndi kawopsedwe ka latex ndi data yomatira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-05-2023