Chojambulira kutentha ndi chipangizo chotumizira kutentha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mphamvu yamkati yamkati pakati pa madzi awiri kapena kuposerapo omwe amapezeka pa kutentha kosiyana.Tubing kapena chubu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la chopopera kutentha, momwe madzi amayendera.Popeza zotenthetsera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga, mphamvu, mafuta, zoyendera, zowongolera mpweya, firiji, cryogenic, kubwezeretsa kutentha, mafuta ena, ndi mafakitale ena, machubu otenthetsera kutentha amathanso kugawidwa molingana ndi machubu a radiators, regenerator, condensers, superheaters. , zotenthetsera, zoziziritsa kukhosi, zotenthetsera mpweya, ndi zotenthetsera.Machubu osinthira kutentha amatha kupangidwa mowongoka, mtundu wopindika wa U, wopindika, kapena mawonekedwe a serpentine.Nthawi zambiri, amakhala machubu opanda msoko kapena owotcherera omwe amapezeka kunja kwake pakati pa 12.7 mm ndi 60.3 mm okhala ndi khoma lochepa thupi.Machubu nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi chubu pogwiritsa ntchito kugudubuza kapena kuwotcherera.Nthawi zina, machubu a capillary kapena machubu a diameter akulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Chubuchi chikhoza kukhala ndi zipsepse (machubu ophimbidwa) omwe amathandizira kutumiza kutentha.
1. Kusankha Zinthu Zopangira Machubu Osinthira Kutentha
Muzochita zauinjiniya, kusankha kwa zida zopangira machubu osinthira kutentha kumachitidwa mwamphamvu.Nthawi zambiri, machubu azikhala akugwirizana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa mu ASME Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel Code Gawo II.Kusankhidwa kwa zinthuzo kudzakhazikitsidwa ndi kulingalira ndi kuwerengera mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kutentha, kuthamanga kwa magazi, dzimbiri, kukokoloka, kugwirira ntchito, kuyendetsa bwino ndalama, kukhuthala, mapangidwe, ndi zina.Nthawi zambiri, kutentha exchanger chubu akhoza zoperekedwa mu zinthu achitsulo kapena nonferrous zitsulo, amene akhoza zina gulu monga carbon chitsulo, otsika aloyi zitsulo, zosapanga dzimbiri, duplex zosapanga dzimbiri, faifi tambala aloyi, titaniyamu aloyi, aloyi mkuwa, aloyi zotayidwa, tantalum ndi zirconium, etc.
Mafotokozedwe azinthuzo ndi awa: ASTM A178, A179, A209, A210, A213, A214, A249, A250, A268, A334, A423, A450, A789, A790, A803, A1016;ASTM B75, B111, B135, B161, B165, B167, B210, B221, B234, B251, B315, B338, B359, B395, B407, B423, B444, B466, B454, B3, B3 622 .B626, B668, B674, B676, B677, B690, B704, B729, B751 ndi B829.Mapangidwe a mankhwala, makina opangira mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha kutentha zonse zimagwirizana ndi zomwe tatchulazi motsatira.Machubu opangira kutentha amatha kupangidwa ndi kutentha kapena kuzizira.Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yotenthayi imapanga filimu yopyapyala komanso yoyipa yakuda yamaginito ya iron oxide pamwamba pake.Filimu yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "mill scale" yomwe imachotsedwa pambuyo pake ndi kutembenuza, kupukuta, kapena pickling.
2. Kuyesa ndi Kuyang'anira
Kuyesa kokhazikika pamachubu osinthira kutentha nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuwunika kowoneka, kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino, kuyesa kwa eddy panopa, kuyesa kwa hydrostatic pressure, kuyezetsa mpweya pansi pamadzi, kuyesa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuyesa kwa akupanga, kuyezetsa dzimbiri, kuyesa kwamakina (kuphatikiza kulimba, kuwomba, kuwotcha, ndi kuyezetsa kubweza mmbuyo), kusanthula kwamankhwala (PMI), ndi kuwunika kwa X-ray pama welds (ngati alipo).
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-28-2022